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MINING METHODS, MINE DESIGN AND UNIT OPERATIONS UNDERGROUND MINING Prof. S. Durucan Department of Earth Science and Engineering Royal School of Mines Imperial College London A producing underground mine requires a carefully planned network of shafts, drifts and raises. The preparation of this network is known as development.
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Vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining is a method originally developed by the Canadian mining company INCO. Today, VCR is an established mining method used by mines all over the world that have competent, steeply dipping ore and host rock. VCR is based on the crater blasting technique in which powerful explosive charges are
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Applications appropriate for Vertical Crater Retreat 1. Steep dip (over 45 degrees) 2. Large vertical extent 3. Competent ore and host rock 4. Not selective: uniform medium to low grade VCR is...
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A true vertical crater retreat (VCR) method was used at the Homestake Mine, while a vertical bench mining method (VBM) was used at the Carr Fork Mine. Since there are no personnel in a VCR or VBM stope, all ground control including dimensioning of stopes and pillars and the layout of cable bolt assays or other artificial support must be done in ...
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In 2003, Itasca came up with a different approach which used Vertical Crater Retreat VCR blasting to initiate and control caving. Two different alternatives were proposed: primary/secondary panel caving large block caving. Both methods would require large drilling horizons where very long ITH VCR holes would be drilled.
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Self-supporting, open stoping underground mining methods are some of the earliest, starting with the prehistoric flint mines of Europe and the Egyptian gold mines of Nubia in the time of the pharaohs. ... Two of the methods, vertical crater retreat (VCR) and shrinkage stoping, utilize fragmented ore for temporary support in the stopes. In these ...
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Vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining is a method originally developed by the Canadian mining company INCO. Today, VCR is an established mining method used by mines all over the world that have...
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1.3 MINING METHODS 1.3.1 Introduction Once an ore body has been probed and outlined and sufficient information has been collected to warrant further analysis, the important process of selecting the most appropriate method or methods of mining can begin. At this stage, the selection is preliminary, serving only as the basis for a project layout and
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Research Study on Pillar Design for Vertical Crater, A true vertical crater retreat VCR method was used at the Homestake Mine, while a vertical bench mining method VBM was used at the Carr Fork Mine Since there are no personnel in a VCR or VBM stope, all ground control including dimensioning of stopes and pillars and the layout of cable bolt assays or other artificial support must be done in ....
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Methods such as Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) breakage of rock and, a system developed previously by CSIRO called the Remote Ore Extraction System (ROESTM), are options that enable the concept of In Mine Recovery. Taking surface leaching methods underground
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We can determine the daily mining capacity with either equation 4 or 5 below, depending on whether the operating days per year are 350 or 260 (equivalent to operating 7 d/wk or 5 d/wk, respectively). (4) (5) where C 1 = mine capacity in st/d for 350 d/yr (7 d/wk), C 2 = mine capacity in st/d for 260 d/yr (5 d/wk). COST UPDATING
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information. With the experience from the underground mining and more rock mechanical and geological data, this thesis was conducted to study if there could be more cost effective method for mining the ore and how to reduce the dilution. The study is divided into two parts: dilution control and mining method selection.
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The mining method currently in use is the mechanised up-dip Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) with waste rock as post-fill. Figure 2: Mindola Sub-Vertical Mine General Layout of Mining Method showing VCR chamber excavations (Mopani Copper Mines - Mindola Mine Planning Depart - ment, Report, 2014).
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vcr mining vertical crater retreat (vcr) mining is a method originally developed by the canadian mining company inco. today, vcr is an established mining method used by mines all over the world that have competent, steeply dipping ore and host rock. vcr is based on the crater blasting technique in which powerful explosive charges are placed in .
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For limiting the damage range caused by explosive shock loads in vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining, the blasting damage characteristics of surrounding... DOAJ is a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals.
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The VCR mining method is shown in figure 1. The top of the stope contains the drilling chamber while the bottom is the ore pass chamber. The blasting holes are made using a down-the-hole drill. Kerf blasting is arranged at one end of the stope to generate a free surface and compensation space. The last step of the kerf blasting is the blasting-
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to improve the stability of Vertical Crater Retreat chambers and Ventilation drives. Among them are, mining the Ventilation drives at not less than 48 meters from the geological footwall contact, mining the Vertical crater retreat chambers at 25.25 meters strike length and supporting them with 6 meters cable bolts and fibre reinforced shotcrete.
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vacancy vacant land Vacquier-Steenland method ... clay varved clay varves vashegyite vat vaterite vaughanite vauquelinite vauxite V-bob V-box V-bucket conveyor elevator VCR ... auger drill vertical balance vertical chain conveyor vertical circle vertical collimator vertical component vertical crater retreat vertical crater retreat mining ...
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Alternative 5—vertical crater retreat (VCR) Mining methods depend on the shape, size and depth of the ore body, physical and mechanical properties of the ore and accompanying rocks, hydrologic conditions, sensitivity of ground surface to mining, mineral and chemical composition of the ore, mineral distribution, and value of ore.
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The vertical crater retreat method of mining was first introduced at Mindola mine in the late-1980s following several trials that helped define the design criteria for its application. Over the last ten years the method has been continually modified to improve safety and maximise ore production. For example, due to the weakness of some rock ...
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The VCR mining method is shown in figure 1 . Figure 1. Deep hole mining method. The top of the stope contains the drilling chamber while the bottom is the ore pass chamber. The blasting holes are made using a down-the-hole drill. Kerf blasting is arranged at one end of the stope to generate a free surface and compensation space.
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H.Z. Harraz Presentation Mining Methods 29 30. 7) Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) Stoping Vertical longholes are drilled from drives developed in the ore between two levels. Ore is then blasted using a charge that occupies a relatively short length of the hole, some distance from the bottom face. The method has a low explosive consumption. The ...
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The Pilar UG Mine has previously employed the following mining methods: Sublevel Stoping, VRM and Vertical Crater Retreat ("VCR"). VRM is the method currently employed, whereby ore is removed from the stope after it is blasted and cemented paste backfill is pumped into the mined stopes to ensure geotechnical stability prior to advancing to ...
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The name of this method derives from this drawing off or shrinkage of the stope. A modern and important variant of this method is known as vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining. A few examples of commodities mined by this method include iron and palladium. Watch this video (3:01) created by demonstrating sublevel stoping mining method.
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VCR - Vertical Crater Retreat. Looking for abbreviations of VCR? It is Vertical Crater Retreat. Vertical Crater Retreat listed as VCR. ... Mining methods using up-dip vertical crater retreat with post-fill are being examined in order to improve mining recovery and dilutions and to increase production rates from this ore source.
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VCR MINING Vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining is a method originally developed by the Canadian mining company INCO. Today, VCR is an established mining method used by mines all over the world that have competent, steeply dipping ore and host rock. VCR is based on the crater . Get Price Vertical Crater Retreat
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Underground Mining Methods; Choice of methods of developments and stopping and factors affecting the same; statutory provisions. ... Alimark and Jora-lift raising, long-hole and vertical crater retreat (VCR) raising; Raise boring systems; mechanized winzing. ... long-hole and raise, resuing, room & pillar, sublevel, large diameter blast hole ...
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When the criteria were evaluated with the alternatives, the technically applicable mining method with the highest score of 18 % was Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR), followed by sublevel open stoping with 16.62%.
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The main mining method employed at MSV is VCR with un-cemented waste rock fill. A vertical crater retreat also referred to as 'vertical retreat mining, involves drilling large-diameter holes into the orebody vertically from the top of the mine, as opposed to the conventional blast hole Stope method of drilling them in fans from bottom to top ...
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Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) - Block Caving Mining Method. block caving. 23.0 similar questions has been found Where is block caving used? ... Sublevel stoping is a mining method in which ore is blasted from different levels of elevation but is removed from one level at the bottom of the mine. Before mining begins, an ore pass is ...
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10. Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) or Vertical Retreat Stoping: configuration method in stopes where drilling large diameter is used to detonate horizontal slices of ore, leading them to the base of the block being mined.
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• In ring drilling, a vertical slot is opened, whereas either a slot or an undercut is used with parallel drilling (the VCR method requires parallel holes and an undercut) Sublevel open stoping the drill hole diameter ranges from 50-70 mm using top hammer drills, which restricts the length of hole generally under 30 m.
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VCR Vertical crater retreat mining is Nkana Division's most widely used mining method, employed at all three shafts. At Mindola, the orebody is tabular, varying in thickness from 8 to 14 m, and dips between 550 to vertical. VCR was first introduced there in the late 1980s following several trials that helped define design criteria for its ...
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VRM/ VCR: Vertical retreat mining (VRM) also known as Vertical crater retreat (VCR) is a method where mine is divided in vertical zones [clarification needed] with depth of about 50 meters using open stoping, bottom-up mining. Long-hole large-diameter holes are drilled vertically into the ore body from the top using in-the-hole (ITH ... get price
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Office, home, park, coffee shop, or somewhere in between. Keep all your workspaces organized and chaos-free so your mind, eyes, and hands can clearly focus on the task at hand. If you've upgraded to Windows 11 the Snap feature enables you to arrange windows and other applications in a layout that you find most intuitive for how you work.
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VCR - Visual Control Room. Looking for abbreviations of VCR? It is Visual Control Room. Visual Control Room listed as VCR. Visual Control Room - How is Visual Control Room abbreviated? ... Vertical Crater Retreat (mining) VCR: Video Conference Recording: VCR: Video Cassette Recorder: VCR: ... Visual Consensus Method; Visual Contact Approach ...
Get priceGeotechnical review of the application of Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) Mining Method at Mindola Sub-vertical shaft Hanging wall Stability Analysis of the Mindola Sub-vertical Review and...
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1. Introduction. VCR (vertical crater retreat) mining technology is widely used in mine engineering because it possesses many better features, such as higher efficiency and more simple operation. In the mining process, the blasting shock originating simultaneously from the rock-fracturing blasting load also can damage surrounding rock. For ...
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Serves as advisor on the operations of small scale underground gold mining operators so that safety, environmental and government regulations are complied. Trains miners on more efficient mining methods and ore beneficiation techniques. Resolve issues with regulators and other stakeholders. August 2012 to July 2015 Senior Tunnel Engineer
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33 Vertical crater retreat mining method VCR Vertical Crater Retreat method applies to orebodies with steep dip and competent rock in both ore and host rock Part of the blasted ore will remain in the stope over the production cycle serving as temporary support This mechanized method can be regarded as a considerably safer form of .
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